Harmless Diesel Cars: BlueTec by Mercedes. Part 1In the future it is hard to imagine diesel engines without complicated many-stage systems of outspent gases neutralization. Engineers and their games in carburetion quality seem to come to their "technological limit", so it looks like the further decrease of the toxicity of exhaust is a job for chemists.
What is the system Bluetec for in diesels?
Engineers do their best to make engines more ecologically harmless. They work with solar batteries, electric and hybrid drives, use hydrogen etc. A few of these technologies “leaked” to the conveyor, but a number of them stayed on paper. Incidentally, the technology Bluetec applied by Mercedes-Benz in its diesels is not a revolutionary one, but it cleans exhaust pipes all right.
The effectiveness of the system speaks better than words. Without changing the construction of the engine using the system, Mercedes engineers were able to reach Euro-5 and even Euro-6 requirements from the level of Euro-3. So, how the “wonder” works?
The body of the catalytic neutralizer is made from double walls with temperature-resistant cover between them. Inside the body there are ceramic and metal cells covered by a thin layer of a chemically active substance – catalyst. As a result, the toxic mixtures CO, CH and NOX acidify or restore to CO2, N2 and H2O.
In a great number of modern cars there work 3-component neutralizers. They are comparatively simple, cheap in production durable and cope with their tasks successfully. In such catalysts platinum and palladium “fight” with CO and CH, and rhodium “struggles” with NO. If we do not plunge into detail, the result of their work is acidification or disoxidation of toxic elements to CO2, N2 and H20. At the same time, in petrol engines the engineers are able to cope with these three gasses successfully, in diesels, however, the matter is more complicated.
The peculiarities of diesels are that after exhaust to the three toxic gases adds a great amount of smoke black. And if you try to reduce the amount of smoke black, the amount of NOx increases. And vice versa.
The cells of a catalytic neutralizer
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Thus you see that a more complicated system is required for a complex cleaning of diesel exhaust. A number of car manufacturers have invented such systems - Toyota, Citroen, and Mitsubishi. They experimented with technology, but all they were able to reach were huge mountings so expensive that serial production is under a great doubt.
Bluetec system by Mercedes enabled to include diesels into super-strict toxic requirements. But not everybody knows that under the name Bluetec come 3 systems instead of one.
DaimlerChrysler released the first experimental versions of the system with artificial urea in 2002. For a few months the cars with the system had been undergoing road tests, and the engineers realized that the system worked and it was acceptable for serial production. From 2005 Mercedes trucks are equipped with such a system. Later on the technology moved on to be installed on buses. And even later it was adjusted to work on passenger cars: Mercedes-Benz GL or Mercedes E 320 CDI Bluetec.
This is a batch device that controls the admission of AdBlue urea into the exhaust pipe of a cargo Actros.
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