Today you get another article under the title “all about rims”. It is going to be a short FAQ. It features light alloy rims, rim weight, aluminum rims issues.

Why Light Alloy rims are better than steel ones?

As the production of aluminum grew and the working up centers with computer control emerged, light alloy rims got widely spread. Its advantages in comparison to steel rims were evident to the majority of the drivers.

• Brilliant appearance of the wheels. A designer can use his imagination, and the manufacturing company can realize his ideas. The casting technologies create a scope for imagination.
• The minimality of disbalance and the precision of measurement is enabled by the mechanic processing of the rotation flatness.
• Lightness and durability of a rim. Light Alloy rims and much lighter than the steel ones, as they are made from aluminum – a light metal. The weight of a rim is determined by its construction and design. The durability of a rim is determined by the design as well. The mechanic features of aluminum alloy after forging as a rule are better than that after casting. That’s why after 15 inches forged rims and lighter than cast ones.

What makes the weight of a wheel less?

A few kilos more or less, what’s the difference?

The difference is great! Light alloy rims are 20-50% lighter that the steel ones. What does it mean for the suspension? The car will go much smoother. The less the weight of the wheels are, the smoother the movement of the car is. It means more comfort and the reduction of the suspension wear.

It is a common fact that the loaded vehicles goes smoother. Why? It’s physics. If two loads are connected with a spring, and if you push one of them, in a short time the both loads will vibrate with the same frequency which is determined by the weight of the loads and the rigidity of the spring. And if one of the loads is light (the rim) and the second is heavy (the body), the frequency is determined by the weight of the lighter one (the rim) and the rigidity of the spring.

If you reduce the weight of each wheel by 1 kg, the comfort increases as if 60-80 extra loads have been evenly distributed in the saloon, but actually the weight of the car has been reduces and the speeding dynamics has increased.

Aluminum is so soft, a rim cannot be made from it.

A feeling of softness comes from aluminum folk (using which you can cook great dishes in the oven) and aluminum wires. The thing is that the wires and foil and made from pure aluminum.

A rim is made from aluminum alloy. The features of the alloy enable much higher durability against blows than steel rims, that’s why cast and forged rims remain their shape much better.

If we exclude critical blows, light alloy rims are almost eternal

The great variety of light alloys enable the choice of the materials for a number of complicated engineering tasks. For instance, casting under high pressure is used for producing such crucial car parts as engine pistons etc.

Which rims are better: cast or forged?

The better rim is the one that fits in your car perfectly and is to your liking.

If you still cannot choose between the technologies, you can find a rim with both the techs. For example, OZ produces a 3-part rim: the rim is forged, the outer felloe – rolled, the inner felloe – cast, and the whole construction is tied up with titanium bolts.

All You Need To Know About Rims

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Today I open a series of posts about car rims. I’m going to explain the general rules of the rim marking and all the indexes in the names of the rims, give a short FAQ on the topic, the history of MOMO Company, speak about the latest technologies in the area (NanoTec, LiteTec), speak about the advantages of a forged rim, AEZ nanotechnology rims and much more.

Let’s start with the marking of rims.

The article will help you understand how the rims are marked and what are the basic parameters of the rims.

All the rims have the standard parameter marking no matter if it is a light alloy or a steel one.

For example: 6.5Jx15 H2 5х100 ET45 d54.1

15 – the diameter of the rim in inches (D)

6.5 – the width of the rims in inches (B)

J and H2 – the symbols for the specialists. J means the construction of the rim outboard flange (can be JJ, JK, K and L). H2 – the hump construction code (can be H, FH, AH etc.).

Average hump:

Truncated Hump: 

Humps are the ring ledges along the rim outboard flange made for tubeless tires. The basic purpose of humps is the firm fixation of the tire in turns in order not allow the depressurizing of the tire. If a rim has one hump along the outer side the marking has a single H index. A lot of rim models have the hump of the inner edge, which is marked H2. Double hump increase the reliability of the tire fixation on the rim, but produce difficulties while assembling.

5×100 – the number of bolts (or screws) in our case it is 5. The diameter in which the bolts are placed is called PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter) and in our case it is 100 mm. If needed PCD can be calculated measuring the distance (A) between the centers of the opposite bolt apertures (it can be done with a simple ruler).

For PCD for the rims with 5 bolts (or screws) distance A must be multiplied by 1.701. PCD=Ax1.701

For the rims with 4 bolts: PCD=Ax1.414

ET45 – the outreach. The distance between the flatness of the rim, (the flatness with contacts with the centre boss) and centre of the rim width. ET is measured in mm and in our case it is 45 mm.

Most frequently user symbols: OFFSET, ET and DEPORT. In case of the negative outreach, the length is marked with “-“ symbol. For instance: ET – 15. The outreach for the wheels is calculated by every car manufacturer. The maintenance of the parameter is one of the key factors when choosing a rim. Moreover, the difference between the real and calculated value creates some sort of power affecting the suspension and braking systems. As a result may come a dangerous deflection from the course. The admission makes around 5.7 mm. It is not recommended to equip a car with the rims with supernumerary outreach. A significant reduction of the outreach makes the track wider. Although it slightly increases the stability of the car in turns and makes the car look a little sportier, it incredible overloads suspension. As a rule the increase of the outreach is practically not possible as the rims might touch braking system elements.

Rim outreach formula:

ET=a – b/2 where
a – the distance between the flatness of the rim and the inner edge.
b – the width of the rim

d54.1 – the diameter of the central aperture which is measured from the side of the rim flatness. DIA is measured in mm and in our case it is 54.1 mm.

Many light alloy rim manufacturers make DIA of a big diameter and for the centering on the boss use centering rings which fix the rim firmly excluding the possibility of vibration.

If You don’t Make Right Spark Plug Now, You’ll Hate Yourself Later

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Denso Spark-plugs

Insulator

Insulators are made from aluminum oxide powder which has exceptional isolation and heat conductivity. Another advantage of the material is its high physical durability in comparison to the insulators made by other manufacturers.

5-rib construction

5-rib construction of the insulator prevents arcing and reduces the loss of voltage. This enables 20% more isolation than an ordinary sprk-plug. Such a construction increases the performance figures, especially in wet conditions and with the plugs working under high voltage.

Special copper-glass consolidation

A special mixture of copper powder and glass protects the central electrode and insulator and makes the isolation gas-proof. The isolation has high electric resistance and enables better heat abstraction. Moreover, the isolation prevents the leakage of combustion materials between the body and the insulator of the plug.

Copper-cord central electrode

The central electrode is made from wearproof double chrome-nickel alloy with the inner copper cord. This makes the central electrode highly durable against heating and increases the duration of the functioning.

Ground U-electrode

The space made by U-profile enables additional space for the ignition spark. This gives a bigger ignition zone for the core of the flame. As a result - entire combustion of the composite fuel.

One of the major advantages of Denso plugs is the unique side U-electrode.

U-profile enables:

• Better operational results of the ignition. U-profile has 2 sharp edges instead of 1 level surface. Like lightning, a spark snaps the highest and closest point
• Fuel economy. U-profile is able to ignite poor mixtures preventing from a abortive ignition
• Mild engine start. The spark and ignition and not crushed between electrodes and that enables far better conditions for ignition
• The reduction of scale

U-electrode plugs have the effect of a bigger spark space having a standard space. When used the major wear happens on the central electrode. That’s why the central electrode is made from high-quality copper-cord chrome-nickel alloy. U-profile is placed on the side electrode, because it is the place less exposed to wear. U-profile is a basic component of the majority of Denso plugs. There are over 300 different U-profile Denso plugs.

The plug choice is the crucial moment for the optimal engine functioning. Each engine type needs a special plug type. That’s why Denso offers a great range of high-quality plugs for almost each engine type.

Ignition systems are the major source of EMI leading to annoying radio signals. EMI not only negatively affects radio receivers, but also other electronic devices as mobile phones, ABS and navigation systems. To avoid such kind of problems Denso offers a great rage of high-quality resistor plugs that come under “R” symbol (e.g. W20EPR-U).

Platinum plugs

The exploitation duration of an average plug can be increased up to 60.000 km if using more than 1 electrode. Denso has invented platinum plugs in order to increase service intervals. such plugs need changing once in 100,000 km. 15 Years of working experience have lead to the creation of wide range of long-duration plugs:

• There has been created a plug with the endurance over 100.000 km with the intensified spark
• Lower voltage is needed due to the slimmer central electrode. As a result the possibility of ignition failure is decreased
• Constant gap during working time, which enables constant exploitation indexes.

The latest Denso invention - the revolutionary generation of plugs. The plugs have the central electrode made from a special iridium alloy. After 15 years of experience the company is chasing the future with this revolutionary material. Denso iridium SK plugs has been created for the latest generation of engines, and they are able to make service intervals bigger than 100.000 km. Iridium alloy has higher wearproof that platinum, which enables the diameter of the central electrode of 0.7 mm. Iridium Denso plugs are used in Lexus and Toyota.

Iridium plugs features:

• Exploitation duration over 100.000 km
• Low voltage during the whole exploitation duration
• The ability to ignite poor fuel
• Increased ignition control

What Everybody Ought to Know about Dayco Belts

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DAYCO produces Belts, kits, strainers, pulleys, absorbers and hoses.

Dayco Aftermarket offers a huge and constantly updated line of distributing components covering 97% of the European and non-European auto park. Dayco production meets the certificated standards of the biggest car manufacturers.

Driving Belts

Driving belts have cog profile and can be used in passenger cars and lorries of small tonnage. The manufaturing of the belts meets various requirements.

Auxiliary Driving Belts: poly-V-belts with single or double cogs, Raw Edge belts

Motorcycle CVT Belts: Raw Edge Belts, made for the transmissions with stageless gear-boxes.

Heavy vehicles (buses, trucks, tractors): power train kits

The line of kits of driving belts and auxiliary belts has been created for fast and safe change of the basic components of the transmission system and assurance of the whole system safety over a long period of time.

The line includes:

• Distribution system kit - KTB featuring over 200 parts
• Auxiliary belt kit - KTB featuring over 75 parts
• Distribution system kit for heavy vehicles – KPVHD

Strainers

The line of Dayce strainers has been created for transmission’s auxiliary systems and for the parts market. The line is aimed at passenger cars and heavy vehicles.

Absorber is a device that absorbs the vibration of the power shaft. Absorbers are frequently used as a guide pulley for poly-V-belts and for strengthening of auxiliary components (water pump, servotab, ac generator, compressor).

The part has to be replaced when the absorbing element no longer decreases the vibration due to the wear.

At the moment the line includes 14 details for Fiat automobiles.

Hoses

Dayco hoses are totally compatible with the chemical behavior of the forwarded fluid and meet the international quality standards.

The line of auxiliary belts DAYCOHD has been created for heavy vehicles as buses, lorries, tractors and earth movers.

The line features:

• Gold Label belts.High-quality belts for powerful diesels
• Raw Edge, Cog and Laminate belts
• Poly-V-belts
• Kits for heavy vehicles

HD catalogues also features strainers for auxiliary transmission.

The Secret of Road Control - Kayaba Shock-Absorbers

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One of the major functions of shock-absorbers is the holding of the wheels on the road while driving, especially in turns and braking. When the shock-absorbers are out of order you get the real chance of losing control over your car.

Shock-absorbers - purpose

Shock-absorbers are one of the key components of a car in respect to driving safety.

Safety

Worn-out shock-absorbers increase the braking distance of a car by 203 meters (when braking from 80 k.p.h.). The car gets hard to control in turns.

The tests conducted with the shock-absorbers, that have maintained 50% of the initial efficiency, have showed that the rear wheels lose hold of the uneven surfaces in turns because of the increase of the transverse acceleration power.

Electronics

Worn-out shock-absorbers reduce the effect of such systems as ABS, ASR, ESP. When braking from 80 k.p.h. on uneven surface with ABS and inoperative shock-absorbers the braking distance increases by 5 meters.

Kayaba is the biggest Japanese shock-absorber manufacturer with outstanding trust among car manufacturers throughout the world. Kayaba produces over 50 000 000 shock-absorbers annually on plants in Japan, the USA and Europe.

Kayaba delivers shock-absorbers to millions of Japanese industry leaders. The company produces shock-absorbers of the following series: Premium (44/63/66), Exel-G (34/33/36), Gas-a-Just (55), Ultra SR (24/32/35/37), AGX, MonoMax.

The company’s politics stresses the fact that the shock-absorbers’ quality for the conveyor was the same as the ready product’s quality. The company is among the 3 leading shock-absorber manufacturers in the world. The high quality of materials and technology guarantees brilliant quality of the product which is conformed by a large number of operational results. The product line of the company features oil and gas-oil shock-absorbers for 97% of vehicles.

Why Kayaba?

Professional of the industry are aware of the fact that Toyota is the trend-setter in the world of strict quality standards in car manufacturing. Toyota requirements towards the quality of the parts significantly excel the ISO 9000 standards. That’s why 52% of Toyota models are equipped with Kayaba shock-absorbers. The models are Lexus 400, Lexus 200, Lexus Coupe, Toyota Camry, Toyota corolla, Toyota Carina/Corona, Toyota Supra and other.

Mini Cooper S Tuning Kit by AC Schnitzer

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The tuner AC Schnitzer has unveiled a brand-new tuning-kit for Mini Cooper S.

In general, the kit is not something extraordinary. The tuned decided that a body-kit and exclusive Mi2 rims are enough to make the car stand out in a crowd. The 170-hp engine development program is still in works. The only thing that has already been done is installing sport exhaust system and sport inhaler.

The salt of the kit is the exclusive 18-inch Mi2 rims which come with Continental or Michelin tires (either 205/40 R18 or 215/35 R18).

The complete tuning-kit for the new Mini Cooper S and the prices for it are expected to be unveiled in Frankfurt.

“Serious” Project by Speedart: Porsche Turbo 997

MINI Cooper Cabrio 2009 Spy Photos

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The tuning manufacture Speedart has announced a development-kit for the sportcar Porsche Turbo 997. The kit comes under the name BTR-XL (which stands for “Bi-Turbo Racer Extra Large”).

The kit includes an impressive body-kit and power increasing performance kit (increases the power to 600 hp). Having released Speedart Cayman C-RS 325, the tuner got down to more serious projects, like Porsche Turbo 997, which are more adjustable in terms of body and engine. As for the latest project (Speedart BTR-XL), it is equipped with a custom body-kit including a huge front bumper, spoiler and carbon lip, side channels with air-intakes, small rear spoiler with a run-out and a gigantic carbon wing. The manufacture points out the fact that the kit serves not only as a beautiful cover, but enables brilliant aerodynamic features.

Besides the body-kit, the car’s stability is enabled by sport suspension system, high-performance braking system and 20-inch rims with the appropriate sport tires.

Now let’s go on to speak about the performance. Speedart offers 4 variants with power increase from 520 to 600 hp.

The first variant includes reprogramming the software, which enables to increase the power up to 520 hp and the max torque up to 720 Nm. The 2nd variant involves reprogramming the software and installing sport exhaust system (special catalysts), which leads to 530 hp and 730 Nm.

The last two variants are the most “serious” ones. 550 hp and 780 Nm are reached by installing sport collectors, new control unit and sport exhaust system; 600 hp and 800 Nm - two additional exhaust gases superchargers.

The approximate cost of the car hasn’t been announced yet.

3 Brilliant Ways to Improve Opel GT Chassis

Who Esle Wants 272-hp Audi A5 Coupe By ABT?

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The tuning manufacture ABT has showed the tuning-kit for diesel Audi A5 Coupe. The tuning-kit includes a body-kit and the modification of the basic 3.0-liter engine.

In order to make the novelty “sing” it was given the status “loaded”. With the help of the new software for the electronic control system and modified admission system, ABT engineers were able to increase the power of the engine up to 272 hp (239 hp is a basic figure). The more powerful engine with 300 hp is still in works. Besides all the simple modifications the engine will feature a few highly complicated ones.

All these modifications are foreseen for the diesel. What’s for the petrol variant? - you will ask. I’d say there is no point in hurrying. When Audi releases its top model - Audi RS5 - ABT is likely to load the car to the max of 500 hp. But let the tuner take his time, and will proceed with the diesel.

The dynamics of Audi Coupe A5 was developed with the help of a stiff sport chassis, 18-inch rims (the top-variant 20-inch) with the appropriate tires, and the exclusive body-kit consisting of a front spoiler and a rear spoiler with a run-out. The body-kit is completed by gills-like air intakes on the wheel arches (that have been slightly widened) and a powerful exhaust system with 2 double pipes.

3 Brilliant Ways to Improve Opel GT Chassis

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The tuning company KW has announced a sport chassis for Opel GT roadster.

The new sport chassis under “V3″ series works in 3 modes:

• V1 is a stiff variant with the possibility of adjusting the clearance individually for optimal comfort and balance
• V2 is has more “sport” character with the possibility of adjusting the degree of reduction and clearance
• V3 is the most comfortable variant with the possibility of adjusting the stretch ration and the degree of reduction, which contributes to perfect comfort and dynamics

As for the clearance, V3 offers to reduce it by 20-40 mm for the front axle, and by 20-45 mm for the rear.

The cost of the full package by KW is euro 1 449.

Polyurethane Ford Parts

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Auto companies have been using polyurethane parts for tuning for almost 20 years already. The major application - chassis development of sport cars and SUVs, where high endurance and accurate steering control is needed. Why not use the material is serial cars?

Polyurethane parts available for Ford:

• Front stabilizer bushings - Focus 98-05 (except RS)
• Rear stabilizer bushings - Focus 98-05
• Front stabilizer bushings - Mondeo 93-2000, Cougar
• Rear wishbone silent block - Mondeo 93-2000(4, 5 doors), Cougar
• Front stabilizer bushings - Escort 90-01, fiesta 89-01, Puma 97-01
• Rear stabilizer bushings - Mondeo 93-00
• Silent blocks for front wishbone - Escort 91-95, Fiesta 89-96, Ka 97
• Rear wishbone silent block - Focus 1, Focus 2, C-max, Focus cabriolet
• Lower lever silent blocks - Focus 1(3, 4, 5 doors)
• Rear wishbone silent block - Mondeo wagon
• Rear wishbone silent block - Focus 1(except wagon)

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